The third population of the globe has signs of hypertension. The pressure with hypertension causes stenosis and vascular damage and sometimes hemorrhagic heart attack. Therefore, healthy people are also extremely important to know what pressure is, what influences, which indicators can be considered the norm, what numbers on the tomeper should serve as a signal for the start of the treatment.
The essence of the concept
Blood pressure is due to the power of its effect on the main and peripheral vessels. The pressure indicators depend directly on several factors:
- vascular elasticity;
- cardiac contractions;
- The volume of blood pumped of heart for a certain period of time.
The value of blood pressure (blood pressure) is customary to write in the form of a relationship in which:
- The higher figure, great systolic pressure (with a contraction of the heart);
- The lower figure, minor - diastolic pressure (between cardiac contractions).
Blood pressure can change: with a change in the position of the body, during physical exercises, with nervous overseas, at rest or after eating. If a person does not undergo health problems, after a short time the pressure is stabilized. With hypertension, its increased indicators are kept for some time. In hypertensive patients, acute fluctuations are observed in blood pressure. Normal after sleeping, after eating it it can go up, then decrease. The evening pressure indicators usually exceed in the morning and at night they sometimes go down abruptly.
Analyzing the indicators of blood pressure, a higher value is attacked to the higher number. It is greater systolic pressure that the main risk factors for the development of cardiovascular pathologies in patients are more than 50 years old. In the vast majority of people, it increases over the years to the fact that the main arteries lose their elasticity and exhibit atherosclerotic plates.
Normal and pathology
Blood pressure is an individual indicator, depending on the age, of the surrounding conditions, of the accompanying pathologies and even from the time of the day. But there are medical indicators on average. Having discovered what pressure the patient has, the doctor determines: the hypertension is or the variant of the norm.
Blood pressure in patients over the age of 18
| Pressure | Indicators, mm hg. Art. | Indicators, mm hg. Art. |
|---|---|---|
| Systolic | Diastolic | |
| Optimal | Less than 120 | Less than 80 |
| Normal | Up to 130 | Up to 85 |
| Normally high | Up to 140 | Up to 90 |
| 1 degree of hypertension | Up to 160 | Up to 100 |
| 2 degrees of hypertension | Up to 180 | Up to 110 |
| 3 degrees of hypertension | Over 180 | Over 110 |
| Isolated systolic hypertension | Over 180 | Less than 110 |
Systematic pressure control will help avoid the serious consequences of hypertension, since pathological changes in the indicators will be seen in a timely manner.
Reasons for the deviation from the standard
Blood pressure never changes for no reason. Its fluctuations can be caused by diseases of the cardiovascular, digestive, parenting system, traumatic brain lesions. But the factors that cause change are not always due to pathologies. The growth of blood pressure indicators often occurs due to:
- allergic reactions;
- stressful situations;
- hormonal failures;
- smoke;
- alcohol abuse;
- meteorological dependence;
- take some drugs;
- overload;
- dehydration;
- Eating fatty foods;
- excessive quantity of consummate salt;
- Hypodynamia or, on the contrary, physical effort.
The reason for the increase in pressure may be age -related changes in the body and in the hereditary predisposition.
Clinical events
The increase in blood pressure is very evident. The visual symptoms of pathological changes are more likely to serve:
- Acute headache (usually in the temples and rear of the head), often accompanied by vomiting reflections;
- redness of the skin (sometimes the vases appear);
- pronounced weakness, noise in the ears, flies in front of the eyes;
- redness of eye proteins (sometimes violation of visual acuity);
- dyspnea;
- pain behind the sternum;
- chills;
- insomnia;
- Heart Heartbeat;
- increase in sweating.
In the presence of these symptoms, consult a doctor. Early hypertension is dangerous asymptomatic. Sometimes a person doesn't even think about the fact that it can have greater pressure.
With greater pressure in the diet, it is necessary to include products that can actually reduce fats and prevent thrombosis.
Diagnosis of changes
After 20 years, it is recommended to measure the pressure during the exams. If it is superior to the norm, the doctor prescribes further tests. The high indicators once do not always indicate the presence of hypertension. The disease is diagnosed if an increase in indicators with different consecutive tests are observed, as well as if they were kept after respecting three months with the doctor's instructions to regulate the lifestyle.
Car -Diagnosis on the wrist
Without a medical device, it is impossible to carefully determine the pressure indicators, but the presence of negative changes can be taken by the impulse. By applying the fingers of the ring and index to the carbon artery, the number of curves of the heart in 30 seconds should be calculated and multiply the resulting figure by two (the number of beats per minute). The impulse equal to 60-80 shots is considered normal. With greater pressure, the impulse is warned without difficulty. If there is a heart rate monitor, you can use it.
Using a tome
To carefully measure blood pressure, various types of toners are used. The device structures are distinguished by the principle of action. The mercury tomes have been replaced by pneumatic and therefore electronic devices. The latter can easily use any person who does not even have medical education. They are characterized by compactness, precision and ease of use.
Generally, these tonometers show not only systolic and diastolic pressure indicators, but also the frequency of the wrist. At the same time, previous measurements are "remember" from which experts monitor the dynamics of changes in blood pressure indicators in each specific patient.
Arimistono rights
The measurement of blood pressure must be addressed with the utmost attention. This applies to both specialists and patients themselves who monitor the pressure level independently. There are some rules:
- The day before the measurement, it is necessary to abandon tonic drinks and smoking;
- The day of the measurement, you should not use drops for eyes and nasals;
- measure the pressure half an hour after eating;
- Before applying the tomeput cap, the patient should take a comfortable position by putting a relaxed hand on a flat hard surface;
- The bracelet must be positioned in the middle of the shoulder. From below the edge it should be 2, 5 cm from the deepening of the elbow. The air tubes should lie down along the median shoulder line;
- between the bracelet, located on the same level with the heart, and the shoulder should be left the gap in which the finger is easily positioned;
- During the tometer operation, absolute calm should be maintained.
First of all, the experts recommend measuring the pressure on both hands, therefore only on what "emits" the highest indicators. If the measurement is carried out outside the walls of the medical institution, the patient is advised to carry out an "accounting" notebook and enter the day, over time and measurements. How many times to make measurements, determines the doctor.
Possible consequences
Hypertension with hypertension is full of hypertensive crisis - sudden jumps of critical indicators. These states cause a strong expansion of the blood vessels that can break. In a series of consequences, hypertension stands out:
- Problems with eyes (reduction of visual acuity, bleeding);
- renal failure;
- Heart ischemia;
- heart failure;
- Angina Pectoris;
- hit;
- heart attack;
- impotence;
- swelling of light and brain;
- death.
At risk of exfoliating the aorta aneurysm, it is recommended to break down the pressure as quickly as possible. And with brain disorders, this should be done without haste, otherwise they will tease.
Hypertension often causes disability and even the patient's death.
Domestic reaction
With the hypertensive crisis (the pressure higher than 200 mm hg), it is necessary to urgently call a team of ambulances and, before its arrival, start taking measures to eliminate symptoms. With a moderate increase in pressure, you can act independently.
Warning measures
If more pressure signs occur, it is necessary to measure its indicators. Headache, nausea, weakness for other reasons. If the pressure really increased, follows:
- guarantee peace, tellmal and silence (included in the workplace);
- provide access to fresh air;
- Lie, lifting your head (at work, if there is no way, sit comfortably);
- Breathing exercises (diaphragmatic breathing focused on the expiration);
- Massage the collar area and the head (it is desirable that relatives or friends do it);
- Drink a diuretic broth (parsley, lingonberry, green or kidney, rosarship).
These measures slowly lower the pressure and are more likely to prevent the development of complications. If they don't help, you have to contact a cardiologist.
Rapid effect
Patients with an active lifestyle often address the problem of rapid reduction in pressure. The drugs can do it, but they should be used carefully, in order to avoid overdose, too quick pressure and other complications. The attending physician must prescribe medicines. The pressure quickly and safely reduces pressure will help:
- peace;
- Cooling compress on the head;
- Hot bathrooms for the limbs (not hot! ). You can use a container with water or a heating pad, mustard;
- Salato Phyochai (Valerian, Motherwort, Chamomile, Mint, Lemon Balm).
In the absence of the expected effect, the measures listed are integrated with drugs.
Homemade AID kit
With regularly emerging problems with pressure in the composition of the home medicine cabinet, special drugs should always be.
The absence of drugs can be compensated by the use of a "constant" drug, but its effect will be evident only after an hour or two after taking. Accept pharmaceutical products, follows:
- use only the funds prescribed by the doctor;
- Don't mix drugs;
- Dissolve the "emergency care" tablets and do not swallow;
- Take the liar medicine (after taking, stay in a horizontal position for another 30 minutes). If necessary, you should get up slowly.
When accepting pharmaceutical products, it is necessary to pay attention to contraindications and side effects.
Inevitable restrictions
With greater pressure in order to avoid the development of negative consequences, it is necessary to adhere to certain restrictions:
- Within 24 hours from the stabilization of pressure, avoid greater physical activity;
- Avoid overloads of psycho -emotional, with the inevitable occurrence of stressful situations, taking sedatives;
- Refuse the use of alcohol, drinks containing caffeine and smoke.
It should be excluded from the diet for fatty and too salty foods (smoked meats, canned food - included). After normalizing the pressure for a couple of days, the amount of fluid consumed should be limited.
The treatment of hypertension depends on the type of pressure increase and the phases of the pathological process. You can use combined and monotherapy. After an in -depth diagnosis and a prescription of drugs, the cardiologist will provide recommendations to maintain pressure in normal, as well as on the necessary measures when it has a strong increase.